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ObjectiveTo explore the intervention effect of Erxian decoction on intestinal microflora after ovariectomy in rats by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. MethodThirty-two female healthy SD rats were randomly divided into a Sham operation （Sham） group， a model （OVX） group， an estrogen （E） group， and an Erxian decoction （EXD） group， with 8 rats in each group. The rats in the E group and the EXD group received 1.8×10-4 g·kg-1 estradiol valerate solution and 9 g·kg-1 Erxian decoction， respectively， and those in the Sham group and the OVX group received an equal volume of distilled water once a day for 16 weeks. After 16 weeks， the levels of serum estrogen and blood lipid were detected. The fecal DNA was extracted， followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis. ResultCompared with the Sham group， the OVX group showed reduced serum estrogen level （P<0.01） and increased serum levels of total cholesterol （TC） and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） （P<0.05）. Compared with the OVX group， the E group and the EXD group showed increased serum estrogen level （P<0.01） and reduced TC and LDL-C （P<0.05）. Alpha diversity showed that there was no significant change in intestinal microflora diversity after ovariectomy. Beta diversity showed that there were significant differences in the structure of intestinal microflora in the four groups. The intervention of Erxian decoction could improve the changes in intestinal microflora after ovariectomy. LEfSe was used to analyze the differential flora in the four groups. The results showed that the Sham group and the OVX group had 3 differential bacterial phyla and 18 differential bacterial genera， the OVX group and the E group had 1 differential bacterial phylum and 12 differential bacterial genera， and the OVX group and the EXD group had 3 differential bacterial phyla and 5 differential bacterial genera. Estrogen intervention could reverse the change trend of Ruminococcus 1， Anaerovibrio， and Turicibacter in the OVX group. Erxian decoction intervention could reverse the change trend of Bacteroidetes， Firmicutes， Prevotella 9， Ruminococcaceae UCG-014， Ruminococcus 1， and Fusicatenibacter in the OVX group. ConclusionThe structure and function of intestinal microflora in ovariectomized rats changed obviously， and Erxian decoction could ameliorate the change.
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Objective::To investigate the evolution of cardiac function and blood pressure in ovariectomized rats and the effect and mechanism of Erxiantang. Method::Healthy 10-week-old female SPF SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, estrogen group(estradiol valerate, 0.18 mg·kg-1) and Erxiantang group(7.5 g·kg-1). The rats were intragastrically administered 2 weeks after ovariectomy, once a day for 12 weeks.Sham operation groups and model groups were given equal volumes of purified water.At the 4th week, 8th week, and 12th week after administration, the cardiac function, blood pressure, and levels of estrogen (E2) in rat serum were measured by non-invasive ultrasound cardiogram (UCG), tail artery detection techniques and radioimmunoassay.The levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin 2(Ang Ⅱ) in rat serum were detected by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). The cardiac morphology and apoptosis were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, electron microscopy and Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL). Result::Compared with sham operation group, the ejection fraction (EF) decreased and the left ventricular end systolic volume (LVVols) increased in the model group at 4th week after administration(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in cardiac function between the groups at 8th week.The left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVIDs), LVVols, left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVIDd), and left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVVold) were significantly increased in the model group at 12th week (P<0.01). At the 4th weeks, 8th week and 12th week, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the model group increased (P<0.05) and showed an increasing trend, and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) did not change significantly.At the 12th week, the levels of E2 in serum decreased (P<0.05), ET-1 and Ang Ⅱ increased of the model group (P<0.01). The cardiac myofibrils were irregular, some myofilament was broken, and mitochondrial palsy was disordered, broken or disappeared, and cardiac apoptosis increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, myocardial contraction and diastolic function were significantly improved in Erxian decoction group, and blood pressure was decreased.The levels of E2 in serum was increased (P<0.05). The levels of ET-1 was decreased (P<0.05), and AngⅡ in serum was significantly decreased (P<0.01). The mitochondrial morphological structure was improved and the cardiac apoptotic rate was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion::After the ovariectomy, the rats showed a series of pathological changes such as decreased heart function and increased blood pressure.Compared with the decrease of heart function, the changes of blood pressure appeared earlier.Erxiantang exerts its intervention on cardiac function and blood pressure in ovariectomized rats by regulating E2, blood active substances and cardiac apoptosis.
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Objective:To observe the changes of myocardial microvessel density， microvascular endothelial cell morphology and hemorheology in ovariectomized rats and explore the interventional effects of Erxian decoction. Method:Thirty-two healthy 10 week-old female SPF SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， estrogen group （estradiol valerate， 0.18 mg·kg-1） and Erxian decoction group （9 g·kg-1）. The rats were intragastrically administered 2 weeks after ovariectomy， once a day for 16 weeks. Sham operation groups and model groups were given equal volumes of purified water. After 16 weeks of administration， the cardiac function was measured by noninvasive ultrasound cardiogram （UCG）， CD34 in the myocardial tissue was tested by immunofluorescence staining to measure the microvessel density， the morphological structure of microvessels of myocardial tissue were detected by transmission electron microscope， the levels of estrogen （E2） in rat plasma were detected by radioimmunoassay， the levels of endothelin-1 （ET-1）， prostacyclin I2 （PGI2）， thromboxane A2 （TXA2）， endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， and von Willebrand Factor （vWF） in rat plasma were detected by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay （ELISA）， four items of coagulation was detected by blood coagulation analyzer， whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity were detected by hemorheology. Result:Compared with sham operation group， the ejection fraction （EF） decreased （P<0.01）， the left ventricular short axis shortening rate （FS） decreased （P<0.01）， and the left ventricular end systolic volume （LVVols） increased （P<0.01）， myocardial microvessel density significantly reduced （P<0.01）， the endothelial cells were swollen and the cytoplasm was cavitation， E2 in rat plasma decreased （P<0.01）， ET-1， VEGF， vWF increased （P<0.01）， prostacyclin I2 /thromboxane A2 （PGI2/TXA2） decreased （P<0.01）， plasma activated partial prothrombin time （APTT） decreased （P<0.01）， fibrinogen （FIB） increased （P<0.01）， whole blood viscosity， plasma viscosity， and cassone viscosity increased （P<0.01）， whole blood high-cut， low-cut index， and red blood cell （RBC） aggregation index increased （P<0.05） in model group. Compared with model group， EF and FS increased （P<0.05）， LVVols decreased （P<0.05）， myocardial microvessel density significantly increased （P<0.01）， the endothelial cell edema was improved， and transport vesicles were clearly visible， E2 in rat plasma increased （P<0.01）， ET-1， VEGF， decreased （P<0.01）， PGI2/TXA2 increased （P<0.01）， APTT increased （P<0.01）， whole blood viscosity， whole blood high shear relative index， RBC aggregation index decreased （P<0.05）， Kasson viscosity and plasma viscosity decreased （P<0.01） in Erxian decoction group. Conclusion:Erxian decoction increases myocardial microvessel density， protects the structural integrity of microvascular endothelial cells， improves its endothelial secretion function and hemorheology in ovariectomized rats， and protects heart function.
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@#AIM: To investigate the factors affecting reduction and vision recovery after minimally invasive scleral compression with RRD detachment.<p>METHODS: From December 2014 to October 2017, 296 cases(296 eyes)of incipient RRD patients in our hospital were selected as the research objects. All patients underwent minimally invasive scleral compression, the postoperative retinal reduction rate and BCVA were observed, and the factors that may affect the retinal reduction and visual recovery were analyzed.<p>RESULTS: A total of 272 eyes(91.9%)were successfully restored after minimally invasive postoperative scleral compression for the first time. Perioperative factors affecting retinal reduction include the number of holes, retinal detachment range and grade C1 PVR. At the follow-up of 6mo, 196 eyes(66.2%)had BCVA ≥0.4, and 100 eyes(33.8%)had BCVA <0.4. Duration of disease, preoperative BCVA, retinal detachment, and macular involvement were risk factors for postoperative BCVA(all <i>P</i><0.05), while preoperative BCVA was an independent risk factor for postoperative BCVA recovery(<i>P</i>< 0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive scleral extrascleral compression is effective in the treatment of retinal detachment due to simple aperture, with a high postoperative reduction rate. Early detection and early treatment are required for RRD patients.
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@#AIM: To observe the effect of external scleral ring ligation and external scleral ring ligation combined with scleral external pressure on the ocular structure and intraocular pressure of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD). <p>METHODS:In May 2014 to May 2017, 240 patients(240 eyes)with RRD were selected as research objects, in which 100 eyes(scleral cerclage group)were treated by scleral cerclage, 140 eyes(joint group)were treated by scleral cerclage combined external sclera pressure. Preoperative and postoperative 2, 4 and 12wk, intraocular pressure, corneal thickness and corneal horizontal and vertical curvature, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and axial length, ciliary body thickness and the trabecular iris angle degree of two groups were detected. <p>RESULTS: At 12wk after surgery, all the 240 eyes got anatomical reattachment. Two weeks after surgery, intraocular pressure, corneal thickness, horizontal and vertical curvature of the cornea, lens thickness and ciliary body thickness increased significantly in both groups(<i>P</i><0.05), and the anterior chamber depth and the degree of angle between the trabecular and iris decreased significantly(<i>P</i><0.05). The postoperative visual acuity of the two groups was significantly better compared with that before surgery(<i>P</i><0.05). The visual acuity of joint group was significantly better than that of the scleral cerclage group 2wk after surgery(<i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: The scleral cerclage and external sclera cerclage combined with external sclera pressure on the cornea, anterior chamber, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and degree of angle between the trabecular and iris were significantly influence in the early days. Effect of scleral cerclage combined with external sclera compression on intraocular pressure is longer, which should be paid attention to.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the anti-tumor effects of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain D817 on human colon carcinoma model in nude mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The nude mouse model of human colon carcinoma was established by subcutaneous inoculation of human colon cancer LOVO cells. The tumor-bearing mice were given PBS, 5-Fu, high-dose NDV D817, moderate-dose NDV D817 or low-dose NDV D817 via caudal vein injection. The tumor size and weight of mice were measured. The liver damages were examined by histopathology. Apoptosis and necrosis of tumor cells were detected by flow cytometry. The endotumoral content of TNF-alpha was detected using a mouse TNF-alpha ELISA kit. The live virus was detected by hemagglutination (HA) test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The moderate-dose NDV D817 inhibited the tumor growth more apparently than 5-Fu. The tumor growth inhibition rate reached to 48.1%. The liver damage and the weight change caused by NDV were less severe. NDV D817 made an increased apoptosis index and induced production of TNF-alpha. Live virus was not detected in important organs except in the tumor of nude mice by HA test.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the anti-tumor process in nude mice bearing xenografts of human colon carcinoma, a suitable dose of NDV D817 is more safe and effective.</p>